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It's pretty simple really. The meter in your camera is set up to achieve an exposure giving a 50% neutral grey. If you shoot a plain white background on auto the end result will be pretty much the same as if you shoot a black background.
If you want your background to remain white (or close to it) you'll need to spot meter on something which is, tonally, 50% grey.
If you're shooting a model, don't meter the white background or her black hair. Go for a darker skin tone (shadow under the nose for example). Many pro's carry a 50% grey card with them and meter on that.
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