i think you need to take the size and resolution of your monitor into consideration if you are trying to achieve in an odd sort of way what i think you are but first re read AndyStevens post it really does explain it's not that simple
ok now for my interpretation...
what i think you are trying to do is match what you see on the screen to be the same as you see in print
will this be printed at a3 a4 ? 6x4 ? 7x5 ? you don't say
so lets presume your printer is perfect and you want to print an a4 image but your curious how sharp its gonna be before committing ink to paper
the norm for checking how sharp an image is is to zoom in 100%
if the image looks a little soft as explained by AndyStevens there are various sharpening techniques to remedy this
we havn't even gone into image resolution and maximum print sizes before pixel stretching occours which softens a final print
if the same image was printed at 8x6 and 16x12 the 8x6 image would appear sharper how the sharpness of the image could be emulated on a monitor through magnification would ultimatly depend on print size and monitor size and resolution
for example a 22/24 inch monitor could show an a4 image lifesize ( 2 a4's on a 24" widescreen ) so in theory if i view the a4 page at 100% that is what i would see printed so if it looked sharp on the monitor it should look sharp on paper ( in a perfect world ) and so on
in other words iv'e gone a very long way to say
is it 100% or 67% ???
it doesn't work like that
EDIT...
ahh i see andy was typing at the same time