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On a lens without a constant aperture as you zoom out the aperture size will change from something like f/2.8 to say f/3.6 ( these figures are just plucked from the air ) but with the constant f/2.8 as you zoom from 11 to 16 the aperture will stay at f/2.8 . The minimum aperture is the smallest that the aperture will go down to , so you can change the aperture at any focal length from f/2.8 all the way to f/22 if you want .
Just to confuse you the smaller the aperture the larger the number
f/22 = small aperture = less light let into the lens
and the larger the aperture the smaller the number
f/2.8 = large aperture = more light let into the lens
I hope this helps a bit
Mark
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